Zirconium Octoate is a very efficient auxiliary drier. It is use in paint media with Cobalt and other auxiliary driers to boost up the performance of paints and varnishes. Zirconium Octoate is the best replacement of Lead octoate when used in combination with Cerium or Calcium octoate in the lead free paint systems.
Zirconium Octoate shows goods gloss retention, colour, and colour retention compared to Lead, but does not perform as well under adverse drying conditions of low temperature and high humidity. Zirconium Octoate is the most useful drier for water resistant finishes due to its stabilizing effect on the ester linkages in the media.
As a strong cross-linking agent, Zirconium improves the hardness and gives better adhesion. Because of its abrasion resistant characteristics it is used in wire enamels. In alkyd amino combinations, Zirconium Octoate has been proved to be the best auxiliary drier, which resists absorption and improves the performance of other driers used in combination with it. It has a good effect in epoxy esters too. But in the phenolic resin media, Zirconium has not shown any significant effect. Zirconium Octoate is widely used in white paints in combination with Cobalt and Cerium Octoate as it reduces the yellowing tendency of the white film and retains the whiteness by protecting the film from any weather effects. Lead octoate is not recommended in the white paint when Zirconium Octoate is used as an auxiliary drier. The typical characteristics of certain concentrations of our UNINOX grade Zirconium Octoate are as under:

Product Name	Cobalt, % (w/w)	Colour (Gardner)	Physical State	Density at 30 °C, gm/ml	Non volatile matter, % w/w	Viscosity at 30°C, cSt
UNINOX Zr 24	24 ± 0.3	6 max	Liquid	1.28 ± 0.04	80 ± 5	300 max
UNINOX Zr 18	18 ± 0.3	6 max	Liquid	1.11 ± 0.04	63 ± 5	100 max
UNINOX Zr 12	12 ± 0.2	6 max	Liquid	0.96 ± 0.04	40 ± 5	100 max

Lead is one of the auxiliary driers also called as through drier. Lead Octoate is used as active or top drier. It promotes hard, through drying throughout the entire film and also promotes flexibility. In alkyd finishes where fume proof finishes are not specified. Lead is used in combination with Cobalt and Calcium Octoate. It is always advisable to use Lead Octoate after the addition of Calcium Octoate to eliminate the possibility of reaction of lead with unreacted phthalic anhydride in alkyd media, which could form lead phathlate.
In long oil alkyd medium 0.05 to 2.00% of lead is the usual amount required in conjunction with Cobalt and Calcium soaps. In outside paints and floor finishes as well as in banking enamels Lead Octoate is used with Manganese drier to produce a tough and hard film. In tong oil phenolic resin, lead promotes drying. It is also used in Polyurethane finishes as major auxiliary drier. Lead Octoate is the most important auxiliary drier especially in applications where drying is required at low temperatures (less than 10 deg. centigrade.)
Different metal concentrations of lead drier such as 24,30,32,36 percentage are used by the paint industry. The typical characteristics of certain concentrations of our UNINOX grade Lead Octoate are as under:

Product Name	Cobalt, % (w/w)	Colour (Gardner)	Physical State	Density at 30 °C, gm/ml	Non volatile matter, % w/w	Viscosity at 30°C, cSt
UNINOX Pb 36	36 ± 0.50	6 max	Liquid	1.35 ± 0.05	72 ± 5	200 max
UNINOX Pb 32	32 ± 0.50	6 max	Liquid	1.25 ± 0.05	65 ± 5	200 max
UNINOX Pb 30	30 ± 0.50	6 max	Liquid	1.22 ± 0.05	62 ± 5	100 max
UNINOX Pb 24	24 ± 0.50	6 max	Liquid	1.10 ±0.05	45 ± 5	100 max

Calcium Octoate is an important auxiliary drier. It is used in combination with Lead and Cobalt octoate, mainly in alkyd finishes.
Calcium Octoate prevents the formation of lead haze in clear medium. Alkyd resin paints and varnishes containing Lead drier may become cloudy during the storage due to precipitation of insoluble Lead phathalate. This defect can be markedly reduced or eliminated by including a fairly substantial proportion of Calcium Octoate in the drier mixture.
Calcium used in conjunction with Cobalt increases the efficiency of Cobalt drier in the paint medium. Calcium Octoate is an important auxiliary drier which eliminates hazing, blooming, clouding of the finishes and keeps them clean and shiny.
Calcium Octoate suppresses the gas checking effect and wrinkling effect in the alkyd finishes where Cobalt and Lead driers are used in combination with Manganese Octoate. The typical characteristics of certain concentrations of our UNINOX grade Calcium Octoate are as under:

Product Name	Cobalt, % (w/w)	Colour (Gardner)	Physical State	Density at 30 °C, gm/ml	Non volatile matter, % w/w	Viscosity at 30°C, cSt
UNINOX Ca 10	10 ± 0.2	8 max	Liquid	0.99 ± 0.05	46 ± 5	100 max
UNINOX Ca 6	6 ± 0.2	6 max	Liquid	0.90 ± 0.04	41 ± 5	80 max
UNINOX Ca 5	5 ± 0.2	6 max	Liquid	0.89 ± 0.04	41 ± 5	80 max

Zinc Octoate is an auxiliary drier used as a pigments dispersing agent. The pigment such as titanium dioxide and carbon black have the tendency to absorb driers which reduces loss or effect of drying rate.
The absorption of driers in pigments can be reduced by grinding the pigments with Zinc Octoate to retain the drying capacity of the paint media. The preparation of paints based on high viscosity media which may have only limited solubility in the solvent employed, Zinc Octoate should be used before the addition of pigment as well as other drier combinations.
Zinc Octoate prevents the paint film from webbing and frosting effects. The use of Zinc Octoate is not suggested with dehydrated castor oil media and long oil media because these driers may produce bloom and reduce gloss of the film. The typical characteristics of certain concentrations of our UNINOX garde Zinc Octoate are as under:

Product Name	Cobalt, % (w/w)	Colour (Gardner)	Physical State	Density at 30 °C, gm/ml	Non volatile matter, % w/w	Viscosity at 30°C, cSt
UNINOX Zn 12	12 ± 0.2	6 max	Liquid	0.95 ± 0.05	50 ± 5	100 max
UNINOX Zn 10	10 ± 0.2	6 max	Liquid	0.90 ± 0.05	42 ± 5	50 max